Which Groups Pose an Urban Terrorist Threat :: essays research papers fc

WHICH GROUPS POSE AN URBAN TERRORIST THREAT There is not one particular group that poses an urban terrorist threat as long as the spread of the message is the only goal of the movement. Many organizations wish to gain the understanding of â€Å"outsider Americans† and try to reach as many sympathizers as possible for their movement. The problem arises when an organization seeks to gain understanding or recognition through force. An organization becomes an actual threat when they start to build up arms, purchase biological or chemical weapon supplies, or cast threats to surrounding areas. The most dangerous type of organization, which poses the greatest urban terrorist threat, is the radical doomsday organization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Branch Dividian compound was an example of a doomsday organization that was building up arms for an attack in 1993. Branch Davidians believed that they are God’s chosen people and were preparing for the end of the world (John Mann). Although David Koresh, along with his organization, had not began to attack outside of its Waco Compound in Texas; the buildup of arms demonstrated the threat. The right action was taken to control group, although many have complained about the result of the government’s movement. During 1995 the Japanese experienced what could happen if a doomsday organization practices extreme measures to gain the audience of its fellow citizens. Members of the Aum Supreme Truth (Aum Shinrikyo) dropped sarin gas in the tunnels of a Tokyo subway system in March of 1995 killing 12 and injuring up to 6,000 more. The group’s leader Shoko Asahara (AKA Chizuo Matsumoto) was trying to forcefully fulfill his own prophecies in order to gain the attention of the people (Kaplan, 12). The same type of ill-fated incident could have been planned and executed by the Branch Davidians had they been allowed to continue to operate, and probably one day build a biological or chemical weapon of mass destruction.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Timothy McVeigh was said to have been acting out of revenge for the Waco Compound seizure and attack by bombing the Murrah Federal Building in Oklahoma City exactly 2 years later on April 19, 1995. There is little evidence that McVeigh was a member of any organization, and had only attended a few militia meetings (Grosscup, 117). The fact that the doomsday organization was preparing for the end of the world could very well have lead them to take an offensive action, just like McVeighs’, to facilitate their goals.

Synthesis of Cis-Norbornene-5, 6-Endo-Dicarboxylic Anhydride

IntroductionThe Diels-Alder reaction is a [4+2] cycloaddition of a conjugated diene and a dienophile. This type of reaction was named for Otto Diels and Kurt Alder who were the first to investigate this reaction (Weldegirma, 2012). The Diels- Alder reaction is one of the most important reactions in all of organic chemistry because of the applicability of it. This reaction can form new carbon-carbon bonds and new stereocenters.The Diels-Alder reaction has high synthetic utility for making unsaturated 6-membered rings (Kahn, 2011). The more electron-withdrawing elements there are in the reactants, the faster the reaction will move forward. In the case of cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride, the reaction takes place quite quickly due to the many electronegative oxygen present in both reactants.Mechanism:Side Reaction: Experimental:Table of Chemicals: CyclopentadieneMaleic AnhydrideEthyl AcetateHexane66.10 g/mol 98.06 g/mol 88.11 g/mol 86.18 g/mol MP: -90 º C BP: 39-43 º C MP: 52.8à ‚ º C BP: 202 º C MP: -83.6 º C BP: 77.1 º C MP: -96–94 º C BP: 68-69 º C Cyclopenta-1,3-diene Furan-2,5-diene Ethyl Acetate HexaneResults:The crystals obtained through the Diels-Alder reaction were not plate-like, as were expected. We obtained crystals that were a small and more powdery than plate-like. Even though our crystals did not turn out as we had hoped, the melting point range for our crystals was very close to the literature value.The calculations for the percent yield are as follows: First, the moles of the reactants must be calculated:Through these calculations we can see that the cyclopentadiene is the limiting reagent is the cyclopentadiene because the reaction between cyclopentadiene and maleic anhydride is a 1:1 reaction. Thus, the maximum amount of moles of cis-Norbornene-5, 6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride we can produce is:Now that the theoretical yield has been calculated, we can compare the experimental yield with the theoretical yield:DiscussionTh e literature value for the melting point of cis-Norbornene-5,  6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride is 165 º C. The experimental value we obtained through the Diels- Alder reaction was 160- 163 º C. We were only able to produce a yield of 20.2%. A yield this low was not expected, but was enough to measure the melting point to see if we had indeed produced cis-Norbornene-5, 6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride.As cyclopentadiene is left out over a period of a few days, the molecules slowly dimerize and thus become dicyclopentadiene. Dicyclopentadiene would not result in the desired product, cis-Norbornene-5, 6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride, so this must be remedied. In order to un- dimerize dicyclopentadiene, it must be heated to just under its boiling point to make fresh cyclopentadiene. With our melting point being so close to the literature value for cis-Norbornene-5, 6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride, it is very likely that the desired product was obtained.This reaction does not seem to be ver y efficient at all. By using 0.2mL of cyclopentadiene, we only were able to produce about 0.05g which, at a 20.2% yield, is very low.Conclusion:The Diels- Alder reaction is one of the most important types of reactions in organic chemistry (Weldegirma, 2012).This reaction is so important because of its ability to form new carbon-carbon bonds.Diels- Alder reactions are used constantly in the medical field due to its diverse uses. It has been in studies of ribozymes and creating ribozymes synthetically (Jaschke, 2000).I believe that we did accomplish what we set out to do in this lab. We were able to form cis-Norbornene-5, 6-endo-dicarboxylic anhydride crystals and were able to achieve a very pure product.

Experience Archaeology Firsthand in a Field School

Would you like to go on an archaeological dig? Do Indiana Jones movies give you wanderlust? Does the thought of conducting scientific research in exotic locations sound like the perfect way to spend your hard-earned vacation? Are you tired of reading about ancient cultures from the pages of books and websites and do you long to learn about those dead societies first hand? An archaeological field school might be just what youre looking for.   An archaeological field school means that even if youre not a professional archaeologist, you, too, can spend part of your summer digging in the dirt. After all, it doesnt seem terribly fair that we should have all the fun, does it? Well, fortunately, there are lots of university-based excavations going on all year long, called field schools, and some of them take unaffiliated volunteers. Field School An archaeology field school is an archaeological dig that is organized partly to train the next generation of archaeologists. Field schools are always arranged to conduct real, scientifically-based archaeological research for the professors and their graduate student assistants. The only reason to go into the field and excavate sites must always be to gather new information about ancient behaviors and cultures--archaeology is a destructive process and if youre not gathering data, you shouldnt be digging. But field schools are specifically tailored to teach new students the methods and philosophy of archaeology. And the good news? Even if youre not planning on becoming an archaeologist, you can still attend a field school. In fact, I always recommend that anybody even considering a career in archaeology should go to one early in their education, if possible even before they start taking university classes, to find out if they like hanging around other sunburned and filthy people pursuing scientific research enough to warrant the cost of a college education. Attending a Field School A field school works this way: a small band of students--generally ten to fifteen, although the size varies considerably from school to school--is collected by a university anthropology department. The students go to an archaeological site where they get instructions on how to survey and dig, and then they dig. Many field schools feature lectures and tours to nearby archaeological sites; sometimes students are assigned a special project of their own. The students get college credit and training that way,  starting them off in a career in archaeology. Most field schools last between two and eight weeks in the warm or dry season, depending on what part of the world the excavations are located. Many field schools also welcome members of the local historical society or archaeology club or provide opportunities for the public to experience archaeology for themselves. Almost every archaeology department or anthropology department with a concentration in archaeology in the world conducts archaeological field research in schools every summer or every other summer. What Youll Need To attend such a field school, youll need physical stamina, clothes you dont mind destroying, a hat with a brim, and SPF 30 or better sunblock. You may get college credit. You may have to provide your own travel and housing expenses, or they may be provided as part of the experience. Youll need a strong sense of adventure; a stronger sense of humor; and the ability to work hard without complaining. But you might have the time of your life. So, if you have a few days or weeks off next summer, and you want to experience a little real-live archaeology, this is the time to start looking! Finding a Field School There are several ways to find a field school. There are several dozens being held all over the world every year. Here are a few sites that can be trusted to contain up-to-date listings from around the globe: Archaeology Anthropology Field Schools ShovelBums site, R. Joe BrandonArchaeological Fieldwork.com, Jennifer PalmerField School Opportunities from the American Anthropological Society You could also contact the archaeologists associated with the anthropology, archaeology, or ancient history department at your local university. You might consider joining your local archaeology society or club. Good luck and good digging!

The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay - 1216 Words

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has been a never-ending problem facing the two states. It began in the 19th century during the Ottoman or British rule. This was between the Arabs living in Palestine and the Jews living in Israel. It was Zionism for the Jews against Arab nationalism. This conflict was known as the Arab-Israeli conflict. The main issues were; border disputes, security, the control of Jerusalem, recognition as well as Palestinian freedom of movement. These issues are what spear headed the intensifying of the conflict thus it became as part of day to day activity between the two states. The Zionists believed that Palestine was their land as according to them it was part of their historic homeland- Land of Israel. The Arabs†¦show more content†¦There is great fear on the Israelis side if Palestinians are given the authority to rule Jerusalem. In order for this not to happen the Israelis are fighting to ensure this does not occur. During the late 19th century, Je ws were being massacred in Russia by Hitler. They retaliated by escaping and settling in Jerusalem their historic homeland (Flapan 2003). At that time, there were Palestinian nationals who were already occupying some parts of Jerusalem. In order to settle, the Jews displaced the Palestinians and took over their lands. The Palestinians thus became refugees and this was in 1948. This has disturbed the Palestinian Government ever since. Together with its citizens, Palestine wants its people restored to their homelands. This has led to serious confrontations between the two states which has caused collateral damage. Quite unfortunately, no signs of peace or reconciliation are evident between the two states. There have been a lot of concerns by the Israeli about their security and safety. Palestinians over the past years have attacked Israelis and caused grievous damages. This to the Israelis and other nations is an act of terrorism. Their opponents view the violence as jihad which is a holy war (Flapan 2003). They want to acquire the Jewish state and label it as the Arab state. Their violence has caused havoc to the Israelis. This has caused international recognition by other nations around the world. However Palestinians do not seem toShow MoreRelatedThe Israeli and Palestinian Conflict682 Words   |  3 PagesThe Israeli and Palestinian conflict has been an unwavering conflict that has plagued the world for longer than any can remember. I, myself am hopelessly torn on whether I am Pro-Palestine, or Pro-Israel. I find it difficult to make an informed and unbiased decision on the conflict with the two conflicting stories being relayed by the pro-Israel documentary as well as by the Pro-Palestine documentary. I feel as though it would be impossible for me to make a decision on the issue unless I was ableRead MoreThe Palestinian Conflict : The Israeli Conflict1406 Words   |  6 PagesSteven Sauer REL100 10/31/2015 The Israeli, Palestinian Conflict Lets begin as most historians do, in the late 19th century. The Ottoman empire ruled over what is now called Palestine. The population there, according to Ottoman records from 1878 was 87% muslim, 10% christian and 3% jewish. Everyone spoke arabic as the daily language and in Jerusalem the religious population was about equal. To give you a sense of life in the Ottoman Empire, an arab orthodox christian musician named Wasif JawhariyyehRead MoreThe Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay1202 Words   |  5 PagesThe Israeli-Palestinian conflict was started when the United Nations proposed the partition plan for Jewish homeland in 1947. The Jewish agrees with the plan but the Palestinians disagree because they think it is unfair for their land being taken. Since then, many wars have been fought between Israel and Palestinians such as: -1948 War of independence -1956 Sinai war -1967 six day war -1973 Yom Kippur war etc. These wars had made angry Palestinian lostRead More The Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay3354 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is one of the most controversial conflicts in modern history. The expansion of Israel since 1947 is seen as the beginning of the conflict, although its origins go back to the end of the 19th century, when Jewish immigration to Palestine began to increase. Since the start of the conflict, several peace negotiations have been carried out, resulting in variable degrees of success. 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In fact, 2,314 Palestinians were killed and 17,125 injured just in 2014 alone as a result of Israel’s activitiesRead More The Israeli and Palestinian Conflict Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesThe Israeli and Palestinian Conflict - Many Questions, Few Answers Unless the Israelis and Palestinians could not compromise, negotiate and come to an agreement, peace is impossible in the Middle East and even the security fence that Israel is now building will not solve the conflict nor stop terrorist actions by Palestinian extremists. The Israelis and Palestinians need to compromise and negotiate, as suggested by the words written on that wall, â€Å"Peace comes (with) agreement not separation.†Read MoreThe Israeli Palestinian Conflict Of Palestine Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pagesinvolved killed since the start of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in the late 19th century. 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The issue of bankrolling and foreign aid are also issues preventing peace; because the U.S provides so much funding and foreign aid to certainRead MoreThe Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay844 Words   |  4 PagesAn issue as complicated, sensitive, and controversial as the Palestinian – Israeli conflict is not one that can be resolved with a simple solution. It did not begin with the creation of the Current State of Israel in 1948, but something that has roots goin g back to the ancient times. The history of the persecution of the Hebrew people started with the start of Judaism in ancient Egypt. The Pharaoh of Egypt who prophesized in his dreams that a child born to the Israelites would one day grow up andRead MoreIsraeli-Palestinian Conflict Essay2633 Words   |  11 PagesThe conflict between Palestinian Arabs and Jews is a modern phenomenon, which began around the turn of the 20th century. 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The Movie American Gangster - 1190 Words

The movie â€Å"American Gangster† is a very good Hollywood portrayal of a man named Frank Lucas. Frank Lucas was played by Denzel Washington with Russell Crowe playing Richie Roberts, who was the cop investigating the heroin distribution. During the 1960’s into the 1970’s, distribution of heroin in New York was at one of the greatest peaks of all time. Frank Lucas had a great mentor, whose name was Bumpy Johnson. Bumpy was a career criminal who spent most of his life in prison until he became a mob boss in the Harlem neighborhood in New York City. From there, he taught Frank everything he knew for 15 years until he died of heart failure. When Bumpy died, Frank Lucas turned his past mentorship and knowledge into one the biggest heroin distribution businesses in the Harlem neighborhood during these times. One of the most famous things Frank is known for as a drug distributer, was his ability to cut out all the middlemen in the distribution and go directly to the source. He did this because not only did it make him more money, but he was able to sell the heroin for cheaper plus he had the resources to ship the heroin from the Golden Triangle, which is in Southeast Asia, directly to him in New York. The Golden Triangle is where most of the opium and heroin was produced in the 1960’s. And to this day, it’s the second biggest producer of opium next to Afghanistan which is the biggest opium supplier. â€Å"Heroin from Southeast Asia is most frequently brought to the United States byShow MoreRelatedMovie Review : American Gangster919 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolvement. Was this involvement always a good thing though? The 2007 movie, American Gangster, addresses this very question by looking at law enforcement agencies during the 1970s, along with the corruption involved with police departments at this point in history. The particular corrupted agency focused on in the film is the New York Police Department, of which dirty detective, Nick Trupo, is a part of. The short clip shown from this movie makes the argument that although not all cops during this timeRead MoreGangster Films In The 1920s1281 Words   |  6 Pagesillegal and now millions of Americans were forced to seek alternative means of obtaining their alcohol, no matter how unscrupulous the source. Enter the gangster, a larger than life, pinstripe wearing, gun wielding renegade. It was this romanticized idea that would come to serve as an embodiment of society turning to the darker side. This idea would also take center stage on the silver screen with the emergence (and later alteration) of the gangster film. The gangster film would be continuously popularRead MoreThe American Media s Influence On The Italian American1517 Words   |  7 PagesThe American media has had a substantial influence on the Italian-American stereotype, especially that regarding mobsters. The American cinema has created movies and TV shows such as The Godfather, Goodfellas, T he Sopranos, and more. 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Influential film makersRead More Realism and Idealism for the Godfather Essay1173 Words   |  5 Pages Realism and Idealism for the G odfather I will never forget what I felt when I first seen my first mobster movie, I was about 12 years old, it was real late at night and I just could not fall asleep. I was flipping the channels looking for something to watch, and that is when I encountered my first mobster movie. I was intrigued from beginning to end; it was like nothing I had ever seen before. The way they talked so confident and cool to the way they looked so sharp and sophisticated. AlthoughRead MoreAnalysis Of The Film The Simpsons 984 Words   |  4 Pagesas a gangster. He goes through the reasons why he decided to become a gangster. He explains how being a gangster makes him feel like a somebody and how they offer him protection. The Mafia gives Henry Hill a place to call his own. The mafia becomes his family. The movie Goodfellas is based off of a book called Wiseguy by Nicholas Pileggi which is based on a true story. One of the reasons this film was so popular was because it was based in reality. The film detail s what the life of a gangster is.Read Moredisadvantage of movie762 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Films, also called a movie or motion picture. Films usually include an optical soundtrack, which is a graphic recording of the spoken words, music and other sounds that are to accompany the images. Films are also a cultural artifacts created by specific cultures. They reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful medium for educating or indoctrinating citizens. 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The depiction of black male in films is distorted and usually engaged in aggression, gangster, masculinity, drugs, and murder. In the Persistence of Whiteness, Keith argues that â€Å"black masculinity is reiter ated in notions of aggression, submission, and criminality and simultaneously repositionedRead MoreEssay about The Motion Picture Code of the Great Depression1206 Words   |  5 Pagesto the maintenance of the national morale of America. During this time Hollywood played a valuable part, getting over eighty million Americans to attend theaters, but soon it would become a lot harder as America continued living in the Great Depression. Everyone in America, even the most troubling of poverty families attended movies. With a movie to watch, Americans sought refuge in a fantasy world. Films during this time were a perfect distraction. Not only for audiences but also for the artist

Billy elliot notes Free Essays

Takes opportunity Headset, tracking shots Billy In cage hits other student â€Å"there’s always next year† not for Billy this Is his shot He wants this opportunity his reaction Is violent as this Is all he knows and this Is a sign that he needs you grow beyond this. Quotes from ballet dude â€Å"No child can succeed without the 100 percent support of their family’ We see the growth In Othello men as Cackle supports Billy Headset music of swan lake motif l feel like a bird it feels like electricity† Billy says this as he describes what it is like for him to dance These quotes convince the board that Billy is a natural talent and show his passion for his chosen path Montage Billy’s emotional reaction to getting in and Jackass’s pride in announcing it to the miners who face going back to the pit at reduced wages Juxtaposition of Billy getting away from the mines and the need for the family and other miners to return Landscape shot, voice over change in lighting Billy and Jackie at the grave yard mines in the distance Relationship is now close and has grown through the mutual experience and understanding that is now there Montage of images swan lake music , motif of closing doors, costuming headset Billy preparing to leave and the final scene of him dancing, Jackie and Tony in London at the performance and engaging with a now adult Michael Jack’s and Tony going back down the mines in a cage Mrs. Wilkinson alone in the gym her role in getting Billy into the works is done she has no evolution on the film Billy is now a success and is starting in swan lake the family are purporting him showing their growth as Billy is a success and has evolved Jack’s and Tony are well dressed and appear familiar with London , they do not Judge Michael Jacky pride is evident in his tears Billy Elliot notes By Barack Billy in cage hits other student â€Å"there’s always next year† not for Billy this is his shot He wants this opportunity his reaction is violent as this is all he knows and thi s is a â€Å"No child can succeed without the 100 percent support of their family† We see the growth in Othello men as Jackie supports Billy Jack’s pride is evident in his tears . We will write a custom essay sample on Billy elliot notes or any similar topic only for you Order Now How to cite Billy elliot notes, Papers

The Will to Win free essay sample

The rhythm of my footsteps treading fast upon the ground and the echoes of my own gasping breaths as I managed to take in the dense, humid air, killed the silence of the once serene forest and enlivened it in a sudden rush of adrenaline. The whistles and claps of spectators had gradually faded. I felt nothing, thought nothing, as numbness seemed to dull the aching of my body and push away the cries of my mind to just let it go and give it up. I was in the lead, yet had no idea by how far. The trees seemed to close in on me and a heavy gust dared me to surrender. No, not now, not yet, I mumbled under my breath. I couldnt let my team down; I gripped the bronze baton tightly in my hand as I pictured the twinkling golden trophy awaiting at the finish line. We will write a custom essay sample on The Will to Win or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My suffering did not weaken me, rather, fueled my drive to work harder. I picked up the pace, but was startled by the impending sound of crunching leaves from behind. I knew who was behind me: a girl from our rival school, East. A flush of adrenaline heightened my heart rate while my strides lengthened, helping me gain speed as I edged closer to the finish. My coach stood in the light, where the shaded trail opened up into a wide field of shimmering damp grass. Come on, Amanda. This is where your heart does the work! Give it your heart! he shouted, red-faced with excitement. Herds of spectators cheered and clapped while a jolt of passion struck me like lightening. This is it. My cheeks now burned as my legs, now two heavy cement blocks, pushed forward to their maximum speed. I took one huge gulp of the dense air before —rip! I looked back with a feeling of feat to see my opponent now a fair twenty seconds behind.